A horizon slice that cuts through the 3d volume along a picked horizon is often the best way to see stratigraphic features. Conceived in 1979 and first published in 1986, the book helps geoscientists extract more information from their seismic data and improve the quality of. The slab thickness is a weak function of the bandwidth of the data and a stronger function of the dip of the reflections. Such a display can be used for the quality control of structural interpretation. Sep 19, 2007 fault interpretation offshore trinidad seismic time slice coherence slice complex coherence faulting shows difficult to lateral detect on continuity seismic of faults gersztenkorn et al. Data in a courtesy shell oil company and esso, and data in d bp amoco. In geophysical tomography, the focus has been on the seismic travel time inversion problem. Figure 6a is the raw seismic data, while figure 6b is the same time slice after the application of a fault enhanced filter dip median and diffusion. A time slice contains events from more than one reflection horizon at the same time level. Unconventional seismic interpretation workflow to enhance seismic attributes results and extract geobodiesat published on february 17, 2016 february 17, 2016 9 likes 9 comments. A timeslice view of the data is an improvement over vertical sections for the interpretation of depositional systems because it provides the opportunity to see a portion of depositional systems in map view. Seismic interpreters can be geologists, geophysicists, and even engineers. Seismic attributes play a key role in exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons.
The folder will appear in the input tab in the explorer window. The use of seismic attributes to enhance fault interpretation. Seismic attributes in hydrocarbon reservoirs detection and. Time frequency analysis is an important technology in seismic data processing and interpretation. Seismic interpretation an overview sciencedirect topics. Poststack seismic data processing generate fault, seismic and rock solid attributes, and despike, resample and flatten seismic data. Seismic attributes for prospect identification and. Preface xi acknowledgements xiii part i basic topics and 2d interpretation. Basics of seismic interpretation incorporated research. This book was written to be an introduction to the geologic interpretation of seismic data.
Seismic attributes, seismic geomorphology, local structural dip 1. Introduction interpretation of threedimensional seismic. It can be noted that the reflected energy have a reasonably good consistency with the designed channel sand bodies shown in figure 9a. A major uncertainty in the interpretation and risk analysis of seismic amplitude anomalies is the presence of a pitfall. Chapter 4 seismic attributes in hydrocarbon reservoirs detection and characterization. A petroleum geologists guide to seismic reflection.
Besides contouring, time slices also are useful in quality control. Seismic interpretation is an art or a skill that is acquired with experience, which i happened to. Kingdom seismic and geological interpretation software. The seismic wavelet starts as the pulse of seismic energy, which, generated by the energy source, travels down through the earth, is reflected and travels back up to the surface receivers carrying the geological information with it. The time slice is the first step toward 3d interpretation of a 3d seismic volume. Basics of seismic interpretation the lesson uses the basics seismic reflection principles, and allows the student to apply them to interpret a geologic framework, conduct a data analysis, prospect for hydrocarbons, and then assess whether the basin should be bid on and provide an economic analysis.
Pdf seismic geomorphobgy and highresolution seismic. A petroleum geologists guide to seismic reflection edition. The book can thus be used for teaching a firstlevel graduate class as well as a short course for professionals. Therefore, based on the analysis of seismic slices of different time, the distribution and evolution of sand bodies could be predicted when the. Seismic attributes and structural interpretationit takes two to tango. Seismic data interpretation 48 data volume vertical section horizontal section surface tracking arbitrary line line crossline time slice depth slice horizon slice horizon attribute fault slice composite display integrating 2 or more elements of display display products from a 3d seismic data. Right click on the interpretation folder and select insert new horizon. Data interpretation of phase and polarity is addressed in the brandnew appendix c. Such a seismic surface display was termed a stratal slice zeng et al. We can clearly see how the filter has enhanced the edges and focus of the faults. In reflection seismology, a seismic attribute is a quantity extracted or derived from seismic data that can be analysed in order to enhance information that might be more subtle in a traditional seismic image, leading to a better geological or geophysical interpretation of the data. Seismic data interpretation 48 data volume vertical section horizontal section surface tracking arbitrary line line crossline time slice depth slice horizon slice horizon attribute fault slice composite display integrating 2 or more elements of display display products from a 3d seismic. Nov 19, 2017 interpretation of threedimensional seismic data by alastair brown but no amount of books will do as much for you as the following suggestion. Figure 4, 5, are if time slices displaying the slave.
The topics it covers include basic structural interpretation and mapmaking. The authors provide an integrated methodology and practical tools for quantitative interpretation, uncertainty assessment, and characterization of subsurface. Mcquillin and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. Faults are suggested where reflections terminate systematically. Pitfalls in seismic interpretation society of exploration geophysicists monograph series, number 2. Often an interpreter observes footprint in his data when he sees the first horizon slice, and this is the very time he wishes he didnt have the problem. Our seismic interpretation software, dug insight is a fullfeatured 2d3dprestack visualisation and interpretation package. High resolution horizon mapping, horizon slice, and time slice interpretation. Figure 6a and figure 6b show the amplitude time slice extracted from the seismic volume at ms. Appendix d adds a summary of recommendations to help todays interpreter get more out of 3d seismic data. Astrikeoriented seismic line from the 3d survey is displayed in figure 2 and an amplitude time slice in figure 3. Very different from the usual statistics, ray and wave phenomenae. Attribute analysis of 3d seismic data in time slices presents a great opportunity.
The time slice clearly displays the channels embedded in sediments these channels are thin features. Seismic data interpretation and evaluation for hydrocarbon. To follow the first part of the book, the reader is only expected to have an elementary understanding of 2d seismic methods. This book is written for advanced earth science students, geologists, petroleum engineers and others who want to get quickly up to speed on the interpretation of reflection seismic data. The final step in the work with seismic data is seismic interpretation. The rms amplitude of the layer time slice extracted from the flattened seismic dataset at the same time 1.
Science of seismic interpretation way of the geophysicist. Interpretation of threedimensional seismic data is the definitive, and now classic, text on the subject. Seismic amplitude alone often carries a lot of information such as geomorphologic features. A horizontal display or map view of 3d seismic data having a certain arrival time, as opposed to a horizon slice that shows a particular reflection. First steps in seismic interpretation geoscienceworld. This accessible, authoritative book provides a complete framework for seismic amplitude interpretation and analysis, guiding the interpreter through techniques with practical observations and helping to evaluate interpretation confidence. What is the best book to learn how to practice and. The natural domain of seismic data is reflection time that must be. Seismic geomorphobgy and highresolution seismic stratigraphy of innershelf fluvial, estuarine, deltaic, and marine sequences, gulf of thailand november 2011 aapg bulletin 9511. Timehorizon attributes include coherence, dip, azimuth, and curvature. Horizon attributes are extracted along a time slice or tracked horizon and. To start interpretation seismic horizon in interpretation folder must be activated. King fahid university of petroleum and minerals, 1994.
Pdf timefrequency analysis of seismic data using local. The book starts from the introduction of the basic concepts and methods in 3d seismic imaging. Using 3d seismic attributes in reservoir characterization. Interpreting 3d seismic data 3d seismic interpretation. In a scientific field called geophysics, interpretation sounds highly subjective. Jun 09, 2015 seismic data interpretation 48 data volume vertical section horizontal section surface tracking arbitrary line line crossline time slice depth slice horizon slice horizon attribute fault slice composite display integrating 2 or more elements of display display products from a 3d seismic data. During interpretation, the slices of seismic fusion volume are used to control the planar strike of faults, and the sections of seismic fusion volume are. Additional coherency time slices are made at imagetime intervals of 100 or 200 milliseconds to define the x, y coordinates of each fault as a function of imaging depth. Different seismic attribute displays for the 2 s time slice across the hgp2002a 3d seismic survey in the. What is the best book to learn how to practice and interpret.
Pdf seismic attributes and structural interpretationit. To localize frequency content in time, we have developed a novel method for computing a time. The if time slice also enhances tectonic features otherwise masked on the conventional time slice displays. Id love to say its very clear and seismic data reveals a perfect image of the subsurface. Instead, good interpreters or good interpretation teams try to integrate as many other types of data as possible into their interpretations. Pdf analysis of a phenomenon in seismic slices interpretation. This book demystifies that art and science of seismic interpretation for those with. Nov 14, 2014 a time slice is a horizontal display in 3d seismic data. Quantitative seismic interpretation stanford rock physics.
Seismic analysis interpret in time or depth on 2d3d survey inlines, crosslines, zslices, arbitrary lines and 3d space. Marfurt introduce the physical basis, mathematical implementation, and geologic expression of modern volumetric attributes including coherence, dipazimuth, curvature, amplitude gradients. Seismic traveltime tomography fundamentals of geophysical. In seismic traveltime tomography, we must consider two distinct cases. The primary aim of this book is to describe dixs correlation procedure in terms of the science, data, tools, and techniques now used in seismic interpretation in the oil and gas industry. Surface slicing is a novel approach to interpreting seismic horizons. The focus for most of this book is on surface reflection seismology, meaning. This book aims to help geophysicists and geologists new to the technique to interpret 3d seismic data while avoiding common pitfalls. Seismic amplitude is an invaluable daytoday tool for graduate students and. We start by picking a depositional surface geologic time surface so that any seismic attribute extracted on such a surface could represent a genetic depositional unit. It is a development of material given to students on the msc course in petroleum geology at aberdeen university and takes the form of a course manual rather than a.
Although the data are noisy, the figures clearly show a continuous reef slope signature blue amplitudes, figure 3 separating basinal sediments to the north and east from the carbonate reef body to the south and west. We start by picking a depositional surface geologictime surface so that any seismic attribute extracted on such a surface could represent a genetic depositional unit. This book introduces geophysicists and geologists to the technique of interpreting 3d seismic data. If there is no interpretation folder or horizon it must be inserted. To be effective, it is necessary to teach geologists and engineers a bit of geophysics, and geophysicists and engineers a bit of geology.
Quantitative seismic interpretation an earth modeling. First is the reflection problem in which both source and receiver are at the surface of the earth. Maps of any attribute analysis in the area are presented, as well as seismic crosssections to demonstrate the trap and the salient points of the interpretation. Examples of seismic attributes can include measured time. Dug insight seismic interpretation software downunder. A seismic interpretation study should access the following data sets. This technique involves visualizing and interpreting areally finite portions of horizons on time slice slabs of the data. Interpretation of threedimensional seismic data by alastair brown. Topics covered include basic structural interpretation and mapmaking. The interpretation of 3d data provides also more detailed stratigraphic information than the interpretation of 2d data.
With the high interest in reducing exploration risk, this course addresses the methodology of an amplitude interpretation and the subsequent benefits and limitations that one can. Note the improvement in the signaltonoise ratio and the continuity of events in figure 7. A petroleum geologists guide to seismic reflection in. Single trace attributes are available in other hampsonrussell products. Psadvances in seismic fault interpretation automation. The horizon slice, the most important display for stratigraphic interpretation chapter 4, is particularly sensitive to footprint. Interpretation of threedimensional seismic data by alastair brown but no amount of books will do as much for you as the following suggestion. It is a development of material given to students on the msc course in petroleum geology at aberdeen university and takes the form of a course manual rather than a systematic textbook.
Dug insight takes a fresh approach to seismic interpretation software, with powerful features integrated into an easytouse interface. As mentioned in chapter 1, and elsewhere in this work, the 3d seismic interpretation does not rely solely on seismic data. This might include well log data, production data, pressure data, and other types of geologic, geophysical and. Pitfalls and limitations in seismic attribute interpretation. Interpretation of threedimensional seismic data, 7th. Hence, spectral recomposition can be used in time slice or stratal slice interpretation. A time slice is a quick, convenient way to evaluate changes in amplitude of seismic data. Seismic data analysis techniques in hydrocarbon exploration explains the fundamental concepts and skills used to acquire seismic data in the oil industry and the stepbystep techniques necessary to extract the sections that trap hydrocarbons as well as seismic data interpretation skills it enhances the ability to interpret seismic data and use that data for basin evaluation. The use of computers in 3d seismic volume interpretation has not reached its full potential.
A time slice view of the data is an improvement over vertical sections for the interpretation of depositional systems because it provides the opportunity to see a portion of depositional systems in map view. Nov 24, 2014 vertical slices through seismic amplitude corendered with mostpositive and mostnegative structural curvature volumes and a time slice near top basement at t 1. A petroleum geologists guide to seismic reflection book. Quantitative seismic interpretation demonstrates how rock physics can be applied to predict reservoir parameters, such as lithologies and pore fluids, from seismically derived attributes. But no amount of books will do as much for you as the following suggestion. For a detailed description of the technique see stark. Fault interpretation is easily performed on a few time slices to create a triangulated. Automatic seismic event tracking using a dynamic time. Copublished with aapg, it contains several updates and new data examples. A time slice contributes one contour level for a horizon as illustrated in figure 7. In seismic attributes for prospect identification and reservoir characterization satinder chopra and kurt j. Stratigraphic oil trap detection using seismic attributes.
Seismic amplitude interpretation geoscienceworld books. Using gpus to dramatically decrease the runtime of algorithms for enhancing faults, computing horizon orientation, and calculating volumetric curvature. However, seismic prestack elastic inversion based on rock physics modeling and analysis introduced in this paper is a significant method that can help seismic inversion and interpretation. To be effective, it is necessary to teach geologists and engineers a bit of geophysics, and geophysicists and engineers a. Gpu acceleration for seismic interpretation algorithms. Seismic attributes and their applications in seismic. A combination of crosssections and stratigraphic slices is the key to recognize geomorphologic patterns and to extract the associated geomorphologic features posamentier, 2005. Examples of seismic attributes can include measured time, amplitude, frequency and attenuation, in. As an individual geoscientist, you develop and apply your own. Attributes is designed to create and extract a collection of advanced, multitrace seismic attributes to enhance the seismic interpreters ability to analyse frequency content, reduce noise, detect fractures and other discontinuous features in seismic volumes. Jan 01, 2003 this book introduces geophysicists and geologists to the technique of interpreting 3d seismic data. Interpretation of threedimensional seismic data alistair r. A typical seismic interpretation workstation displays the seismic data in vertical. The images on the left show an example of a complex channel system that would have been be undetected without 3d seismic.
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